What is root rot? 

Root rot is a general term that describes any disease where the pathogen (causal organism) attacks and leads to the deterioration of a plant’s root system.  Most plants are susceptible to root rots, including both woody and herbaceous ornamentals.  Root rots can be chronic diseases or, more commonly, are acute and can lead to the death of the plant.

What does root rot look like? 

Gardeners often become aware of root rot problems when they see above ground symptoms of the disease.  Plants with root rot are often stunted, wilted, or have top-down dieback.  They may also have leaves with a yellow or red color, suggesting a nutrient deficiency.  Examination of the roots of these plants reveals tissue that is soft and brown.

Where does root rot come from? 

Several soil-borne water molds (i.e., fungi-like organisms) and true fungi can cause root rots, including (most frequently) Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp. (both water molds), and Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium spp. (both true fungi).  These organisms have wide host ranges, and prefer wet soil conditions.  Water mold root rot organisms such as Pythium and Phytophtora produce thick-walled spores (called oospores) that can survive for long periods (years to decades) in soil.

How do I avoid problems with root rots? 

Buy plants from a reputable source and make sure they are root rot-free prior to purchase.  Establish healthy plants in a well-drained site.  Moderate soil moisture; add organic material (e.g., leaf litter or compost) to heavy soils to increase soil drainage, and do not over-water.  Provide just enough water to fulfill a plant’s needs for growth and prevent drought stress.  Also, do not apply more than three inches of mulch in flowerbeds.  Excessive mulching can lead to over wet soils, which favor root rot fungi growth and reproduction.  Finally, minimize movement of root/crown rot fungi in your garden.  do not move soil or plants from areas where plants are having root rot problems. Do notwater plants with water contaminated with soil (and thus potentially with root rot organisms).  After working with plants with root rot, decontaminate tools and footwear by treating for at least 30 seconds with a 10% bleach solution or 70% alcohol (e.g., rubbing alcohol, certain spray disinfectants).  If you use bleach to decontaminate metal tools, be sure to thoroughly rinse and oil your tools after you are done gardening to prevent rusting.

For more information on root rots: 

Contact the University of Wisconsin Plant Disease Diagnostics Clinic (PDDC) at (608) 262-2863 or pddc@wisc.edu.

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